Factores pronóstico en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas de acetábulo

  • Francisco Manuel Requena Ruiz Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves
  • Carlos Arjona Giménez
  • Cristina Montes Torres
Palabras clave: fractura de acetábulo, tratamiento quirúrgico, variables pronóstico, resultados

Resumen

Objetivo Variables pronóstico en las fracturas de acetábulo tratadas de manera quirúrgica. Material y métodos De la base de datos de nuestro hospital se analizaron 47 pacientes tratados de fractura de acetábulo de manera quirúrgica en los últimos 10 años. El seguimiento mínimo tras la cirugía fue de 2 años mediante valoración clínica, según la escala funcional Harris Hip Score, y radiológica mediante radiografía simple y/o tomografía computarizada. Resultados Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, mecanismo de acción, clasificación de la fractura según Letournel, cuerpos libres prequirúrgicos, tiempo hasta la cirugía definitiva, tipo de abordaje, calidad de la reducción y osificación heterotópica. Observamos que el aumento de la edad está íntimamente relacionada con la implantación de artroplastia total de cadera en los 2 primeros años tras la cirugía (p=0.045). Demostramos peores resultados funcionales en pacientes con presencia de osificación heterotópica y pacientes de edad más avanzada (p=0.016 y p<0.001, respectivamente). Además se observó mejor calidad de la reducción en aquellas fracturas tratadas mediante un único abordaje (p=0.012) Conclusión Los pacientes de edad avanzada, la utilización de abordaje combinados y la presencia de osificacion heterotópica influyen negativamente en el pronostico funcional y aumentan la probabilidad de una futura conversión a artroplastia primaria de cadera.

Citas

Judet R, Judet J, Letournel E. Fractures of the Acetabulum. J Bone Jt Surg. 1964; 46(8):1615–75.http://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00004623-196446080-00001

Verbeek DO, van der List JP, Tissue CM et al. Predictors for Long-Term Hip Survivorship Following Acetabular Fracture Surgery. J Bone Jt Surg. 2018; 100(11):922–9. http://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00004623-201806060-00003

Meena UKK, Tripathy SKK, Sen RKK et al. Predictors of postoperative outcome for acetabular fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013; 99(8):929–35. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056813002132?via%3Dihub

Dunet B, Tournier C, Billaud A et al. Acetabular fracture: Long-term follow-up and factors associated with secondary implantation of total hip arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013; 99(3):281–90. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056813000340

Giannoudis P V, Grotz MRW, Papakostidis C et al. Operative treatment of displaced fractures of the acetabulum. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005; 87(1):2–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15686228

M. C. Reilly, S. A. Olson. Consideraciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico y conservador de las fracturas acetabulares. En: E. Guerado, M. D. Stover. Monografías AAOS-SECOT. Número 2-2010 Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2011. p 43-58. https://www.secot.es/uploads/descargas/publicaciones/monografias/monografias_otros/15-2_2010%20Fracturas%20de%20pelvis%20y%20acet%C3%A1bulo.pdf

Tidermark J, Blomfeldt R, Ponzer S et al. Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty with a Burch-Schneider Antiprotrusion Cage and Autologous Bone Grafting for Acetabular Fractures in Elderly Patients. J Orthop Trauma. 2003; 17(3):193–7. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005131-200303000-00007

Boraiah S, Ragsdale M, Achor et al. Open Reduction Internal Fixation and Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty of Selected Acetabular Fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2009; 23(4):243–8. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005131-200904000-00002

Mears DC, Velyvis JH. Acute total hip arthroplasty for selected displaced acetabular fractures: two to twelve-year results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002; 84A:1–9. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00004623-200201000-00001

Sermon A, Broos P, Vanderschot P. Total hip replacement for acetabular fractures: Results in 121 patients operated between 1983 and 2003. Injury. 2008; 39(8):914–21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Total+hip+replacement+for+acetabular+fractures%3A+Results+in+121+patients+operated+between+1983+and+2003

Cochu G, Mabit C, Gougam T et al. L’arthroplastie totale de hanche dans le traitement des fractures récentes de l’acétabulum du sujet âgé. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2007; 93(8):818–27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18166954

Mears DC, Velyvis JH, Chang C-P. Displaced Acetabular Fractures Managed Operatively: Indicators of Outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res . 2003; 407:173–86. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00003086-200302000-00026

Matta JM. Fractures of the acetabulum: accuracy of reduction and clinical results in patients managed operatively within three weeks after the injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 78(11):1632–45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8934477

Kreder HJ, Rozen N, Borkhoff CM et al. Determinants of functional outcome after simple and complex acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006; 88–B(6):776–82. http://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/0301-620X.88B6.17342

Mayo KA. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Fractures of the Acetabulum Results in 163 Fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994; 305(1):31-7. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00003086-199408000-00005

Briffa N, Pearce R, Hill AM et al. Outcomes of acetabular fracture fixation with ten years’ follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg B. 2011; 93–B(2):229–36. http://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/0301-620X.93B2.24056

Moed Br, Yu Ph, Gruson Kl. Functional outcomes of acetabular fractures. J Bone Jt Surgery-American Vol. 2003; 85(10):1879–83. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00004623-200310000-00002

Rommens PM, Ingelfinger P, Nowak TE et al. Traumatic damage to the cartilage influences outcome of anatomically reduced acetabular fractures: A medium-term retrospective analysis. Injury. 2011; 42(10):1043–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Traumatic+damage+to+the+cartilage+influences+outcome+of+anatomically+reduced+acetabular+fractures

Henry PDG, Si-Hyeong Park S, Paterson JM et al. Risk of Hip Arthroplasty After Open Reduction Internal Fixation of a Fracture of the Acetabulum: A Matched Cohort Study. J Orthop Trauma. 2018; 32(3):134–40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29462122

Tannast M, Najibi S, Matta JM. Two to Twenty-Year Survivorship of the Hip in 810 Patients with Operatively Treated Acetabular Fractures. J Bone Jt Surgery-American Vol. 2012; 94(17):1559–67. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00004623-201209050-00005

Heeg M, Klasen HJ, Visser JD. Operative treatment for acetabular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 72(3):383–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2341432

Chiu F-Y, Chen C-M, Lo W-H. Surgical treatment of displaced acetabular fractures — 72 cases followed for 10 (6–14) years. Injury. 2000; 31(3):181–5.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=.+Surgical+treatment+of+displaced+acetabular+fractures+%E2%80%94+72+cases+followed+for+10+(6%E2%80%9314)+years

Madhu R, Kotnis R, Al-Mousawi A et al. Outcome of surgery for reconstruction of fractures of the acetabulum. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006; 88–B(9):1197–203. http://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/0301-620X.88B9.17588

Murphy D, Kaliszer M, Rice J et al. Outcome after acetabular fracture. Injury. 2003; 34(7):512–7. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0020138302003492

Letournel E, Judet R. Fractures of the Acetabulum. Elson RA, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1993. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-75435-7

Beaulé PE. Open reduction and internal fixation versus total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute displaced acetabular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002; 84–A(11):2103-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12429778

Patel V, Day A, Dinah F et al. The value of specific radiological features in the classification of acetabular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007; 89–B(1):72–6. http://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/0301-620X.89B1.18069

Liebergall M, Mosheiff R, Low J et al. Acetabular Fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999; 366:205–16. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00003086-199909000-00027

Wright R, Barrett K, Christie MJ et al. Acetabular Fractures: Long-Term Follow-Up of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 1994; 8(5):397–403. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005131-199410000-00005

Ly T V, Stover MD, Sims SH et al. The use of an algorithm for classifying acetabular fractures: a role for resident education? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011; 469(8):2371–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21643925

Zha G-C, Sun J-Y, Dong S-J. Predictors of clinical outcomes after surgical treatment of displaced acetabular fractures in the elderly. J Orthop Res. 2013; 31(4):588–95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192663

Mitsionis GI, Lykissas MG, Motsis E et al. Surgical Management of Posterior Hip Dislocations Associated With Posterior Wall Acetabular Fracture. J Orthop Trauma. 2012; 26(8):460–5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357088

Bhandari M, Matta J, Ferguson T et al. Predictors of clinical and radiological outcome in patients with fractures of the acetabulum and concomitant posterior dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006; 88–B(12):1618–24. http://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/0301-620X.88B12.17309

Murphy D, Kaliszer M, Rice J et al. Outcome after acetabular fracture: Prognostic factors and their inter-relationships. Injury. 2003; 34(7):512–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12832177

Starr AJ, Watson JT, Reinert CM et al. Complications following the “T extensile” approach: a modified extensile approach for acetabular fracture surgery-report of forty-three patients. J Orthop Trauma. 2002; 16(8):535–42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12352561

Yamamoto Y, Ide T, Ono T et al. Usefulness of arthroscopic surgery in hip trauma cases. Arthroscopy. 2003; 19(3):269–73. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749806302376606

Firoozabadi R, Alton T, Sagi HC. Heterotopic ossification in acetabular fracture surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2017; 25(2):117–24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28098705

Publicado
2019-07-11
Sección
Articulos Originales